Glossary of Terms

Container Transportation

• FCL (Full Container Load): Full container loading.
• LCL (Less than Container Load): Partial (a portion of the container is rented).
• OOG (Out of Gauge): Load exceeding standard dimensions.
• Flat Rack Container: Open container for large and heavy loads.
• Open Top Container: Open-top container, loading is done by crane.
• Reefer Container: Refrigerated container.

Delivery and Documents

• B/L (Bill of Lading): Bill of lading, contract of carriage and delivery document.
• SWB (Sea Waybill): Delivery document ensures direct delivery of the goods to the recipient.
• Demurrage: Penalty imposed for the container remaining in the port too long.
• Detention: Penalty imposed for the container remaining in the field too long.

Ship and Cargo Types

• Breakbulk Cargo: Non-containerized partial cargo transportation.
• Ro-Ro (Roll-on/Roll-off): Type of ship in which wheeled loads are transported.
• Vessel: Ship.
• Deadweight (DWT): Maximum carrying capacity of the vessel.
• TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit): 20-foot container unit.
• FEU (Forty-foot Equivalent Unit): 40-foot container unit.

Those Suitable for Ocean and Multiple Shipments:

• EXW (Ex Works): Seller delivers the goods at its own facility. All carriage, insurance and risk are the responsibility of the buyer.
• FCA (Free Carrier): Seller delivers the goods to the carrier at the designated place. Risk passes to the buyer at this point.
• CPT (Carriage Paid To): Seller pays the carriage, but risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the carrier.
• CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): In addition to CPT, seller obtains insurance. Risk passes to the buyer upon delivery to the carrier.
• DAP (Delivered at Place): The goods are delivered to the buyer at the destination. Customs duties and import procedures are the responsibility of the buyer.
• DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded): The seller delivers the goods by unloading them at the specified place. Customs procedures are the responsibility of the buyer.
• DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): The seller delivers the goods, paying all transportation and customs costs. The buyer only receives the product.
• FAS (Free Alongside Ship): The seller brings the goods to the ship’s berth. The risk passes to the buyer there.
• FOB (Free On Board): The seller loads the goods onto the ship. The risk passes to the buyer from this point on.
• CFR (Cost and Freight): The seller pays the freight, but the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are loaded onto the ship.
• CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight): In addition to CFR, the seller also takes out insurance. The risk is again transferred to the buyer at loading onto the ship.

• AWB (Air Waybill): Air waybill.
• ULD (Unit Load Device): Standard containers and pallets used in cargo loading.
• OBC (On-Board Courier): Express transportation with hand carrier.
• DGR (Dangerous Goods Regulation): Dangerous goods transportation rules.
• Fuel Surcharge (FSC): Additional fee charged due to fuel difference.
• Security Surcharge (SSC): Additional fee charged for security.
• Transit Time: Duration of the transportation.

• FTL (Full Truck Load): Full truck loading.
• LTL (Less than Truck Load): Partial load transportation.
• Groupage: Combined transportation of loads belonging to different customers.
• CMR Document: International road transport bill of lading.
• POD (Proof of Delivery): Proof of delivery document.
• Minivan Express: Fast delivery with small vehicles.
• ADR Cargo: Loads suitable for hazardous material transportation.

• CIM (International Rail Consignment Note): Railroad bill of lading.
• Intermodal Transport: Transporting cargo by more than one mode of transport (without changing containers).
• Multimodal Transport: Transport using different modes of transport (single contract).

• Incoterms: International trade delivery terms.
• HS Code: International customs code for goods classification.
• Customs Clearance: Customs procedures.
• Bonded Warehouse: Bonded warehouse.
• Duty: Customs tax.
• Tariff: Tax rate or customs tariff.
• MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet): Safety data sheet for hazardous materials.

• Back-to-Back Storage: Maximum capacity by placing shelves back to back.
• Mezzanine Storage: Multi-storey shelving systems that increase storage space.
• Cross-Docking: Products are directly transferred and sent without being taken to the warehouse.
• Flow-Through Operations: Rapid shipment of products entering the warehouse, progress of processes without staying in the warehouse for a long time.
• VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory): Model where the supplier manages stock and order processes.
• FIFO / LIFO / FEFO:
• FIFO: First In First Out (First in, first out).
• LIFO: Last In First Out (Last in, first out).
• FEFO: First Expired First Out (First out is the product approaching its expiration date).
• SKT, LOT, Serial Number Tracking: Tracking of products with expiration date, lot and serial number.
• VAS (Value Added Services): Additional services such as labeling, packaging, quality control.
• Quick Product Backup: Fast supply of spare products.
• ADR Storage: Special storage area for hazardous material products.

• ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival): Estimated time for arrival.
• ETD (Estimated Time of Departure): Estimated time for departure.
• ATA / ATD:
• ATA: Actual Time of Arrival.
• ATD: Actual Time of Departure.
• Tracking and Visibility: Tracking of cargo and shipment.
• KPI (Key Performance Indicator): Performance indicators.
• SLA (Service Level Agreement): Service Level Agreement.
• Freight Collect: Freight paid by the buyer.
• Freight Prepaid: Freight paid by the seller.